The effect of globalization, income and tourism on environment: An empirical analysis

This study investigates the impact of globalization, real income, and tourism on environment in top 10 destinations that attract most tourists, using panel unit root, cointegration, cointegration estimators for period between 1995 2014. Panel test results show series moves together long run. According to long-run estimator results, an increase income negatively affects China, France, Spain, Thailand, UK. Tourism decreases environmental degradation Germany, Italy, UK, United States. Globalization reduces France The short-run shows all countries, except increases degradation. Mexico it Spain. Finally, globalization contributes reduction Italy.